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<!--
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title: Further Data Structures
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type: lesson
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duration: 00:40
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creator: Steve Peters
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-->
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<section id="section" class="level2 separator">
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<h2><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/python-ga/images/GA_Cog_Medium_White_RGB.png" /></h2>
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<h1>
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Python Programming: Sets and Tuples
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</h1>
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<!--
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## Overview
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This lesson focuses on sets and tuples. It starts with sets, encompassing We Dos as new functions are introduced, then goes into tuples. It ends with the `type` function and a You Do. If there's time, after the "Additional Reading" slides, there is a sets exercise. This exercises are also in the `xx-additional-exercises` folder, if you don't get to it.
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## Important Notes or Prerequisites
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- The students will be asked to build upon their knowledge of the `list`, so a solid understanding of this concept will be vital.
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- The "why" of each datatype is essential to impart to students and your checks for understanding may keep circling back around to the "why".
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- Much of this lesson contrasts the three data types (tuples, sets, lists) to each other, so that students can see them side by side and start to internalize the differences.
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## Learning Objectives
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In this lesson, students will:
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- Perform common actions with sets.
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- Perform common actions with tuples.
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- Know when to use each of the different collection structures.
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## Duration
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40 minutes
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### Timing note:
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- If there's time remaining at the end, giving exercises involving multiple contrasting sets, tuples, and lists would be great.
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- There is, in the `xx-additional-exercises` folder in the parent folder, a set equals challenge that you should give in class if there's time, and if not, give as homework.
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## Suggested Agenda
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| Time | Activity |
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| --- | --- |
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| 0:00 - 0:02 | Welcome |
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| 0:02 - 0:20 | Sets |
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| 0:20 - 0:37 | Tuples |
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| 0:37 - 0:40 | Summary |
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## In Class: Materials
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- Projector
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- Internet connection
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- Python3
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-->
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="learning-objectives" class="level2">
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<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
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<p><em>After this lesson, you will be able to:</em></p>
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<ul>
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<li>Perform common actions with sets.</li>
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<li>Perform common actions with tuples.</li>
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<li>Know when to use different data structures.</li>
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</ul>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Quickly overview these; perhaps write them on the board.</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="discussion-lists" class="level2">
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<h2>Discussion: Lists</h2>
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<p>Here are some lists:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1">unique_colors <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>]</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2">subscribed_emails <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"mary@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"opal@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"mary@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"sayed@gmail.com"</span>]</a></code></pre></div>
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<p>What could be a problem here?</p>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>“Why, in the <code>subscribed_emails</code> list, would duplicate entries be a problem? Or unique colors having duplicates?”</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>You can guide students to think about deduplication and the need to ensure unique values, thus dovetailing into sets</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="introducing-sets" class="level2">
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<h2>Introducing Sets</h2>
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<p>Lists:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-1" data-line-number="1">unique_colors_list <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>]</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-2" data-line-number="2">subscribed_emails_list <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"mary@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"opal@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"mary@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"sayed@gmail.com"</span>]</a></code></pre></div>
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<p>Sets: Lists without duplicates!</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1">unique_colors_set <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>}</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2">subscribed_emails_set <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">"mary@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"opal@gmail.com"</span>, <span class="st">"sayed@gmail.com"</span>}</a></code></pre></div>
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<ul>
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<li>Notice the <code>[]</code> versus the <code>{}</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>Refresh memories that a <em>list</em> is a collection of <em>elements</em>, contained within square brackets <code>[]</code>:</p></li>
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<li><p>“However, there is a specific version of a <em>list</em> called a <em>set</em>. What makes a set different is that all of the <em>elements</em> in a <em>set</em> must be unique. That is to say, nothing can appear more than once in a <em>set</em>.” Sets have curly braces.</p></li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="how-can-we-make-a-set" class="level2">
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<h2>How Can We Make a Set?</h2>
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<p>Making a set via a list - Python removes duplicates automatically.</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" data-line-number="1">my_set <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(a_list_to_convert)</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="co"># In action:</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-4" data-line-number="4">unique_colors_list <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>]</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-5" data-line-number="5">unique_colors_set <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(unique_colors_list)</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="co"># => {"green", "yellow", "red"}</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-7" data-line-number="7"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="co"># Instead of passing a list in (a_list_to_convert), we could just type it:</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-9" data-line-number="9">my_set_2 <span class="op">=</span> ([<span class="st">"enter"</span>, <span class="st">"list"</span>, <span class="st">"here"</span>])</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-10" data-line-number="10"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-11" data-line-number="11"><span class="co"># In action:</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-12" data-line-number="12">unique_colors_set_2 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>([<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>])</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="co"># => {"green", "yellow", "red"}</span></a></code></pre></div>
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<p>Making a set directly, in curly braces:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" data-line-number="1">colors <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>}</a></code></pre></div>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>“Creating a <em>set</em> is easy; we just need to use the <code>set()</code> method like this.”</p></li>
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<li><p>“Because we had two <code>red</code>s, Python removed the extra one for us.”</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Point out the difference between parentheses, brackets, and curly braces.</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="important-note-sets" class="level2">
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<h2>Important Note: Sets</h2>
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<p>Lists are always in the same order:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>my_list = ["green", "yellow", "red"]</code> is always going to be<code>["green", "yellow", "red"]</code></li>
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<li><code>my_list[0]</code> is always <code>"green"</code>; <code>my_list[1]</code> is always <code>"yellow"</code>; <code>my_list[2]</code> is always <code>"red"</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Sets are not! Like dictionaries, they’re in any order.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>my_set = {"green", "yellow", "red"}</code> could later be <code>{"red", "yellow", "green"}</code>!</li>
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<li><code>my_set[0]</code> could be <code>"green"</code>, <code>"red"</code>, or <code>"yellow"</code> - we don’t know!</li>
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</ul>
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<p>We <strong>cannot</strong> do: <code>print(my_set[0])</code> - it could be anything! Python won’t let us.</p>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="we-do-creating-a-set-from-a-list" class="level2">
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<h2>We Do: Creating a Set from a List</h2>
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<p>Let’s pull up a new <code>set_practice.py</code> file and make some sets!</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Make a list <code>clothing_list</code> containing the main color of your classmates’ clothing.</li>
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<li>Using <code>clothing_list</code>, make a set named <code>clothing_set</code>.</li>
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<li>Use a <code>for</code> loop to print out both <code>clothing_list</code> and <code>clothing_set</code>.</li>
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<li>Try to print an index!</li>
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</ul>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Run through this with them - make sure they are following along to practice typing the syntax.</li>
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<li>Be prepared to refresh memories on <code>for</code> loops.</li>
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<li>Try to print an index - reinforce that sets are in any order.</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="we-do-adding-to-a-set" class="level2">
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<h2>We Do: Adding to a Set</h2>
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<p>How do we add more to a set?</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># In a list:</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-2" data-line-number="2">clothing_list.append(<span class="st">"red"</span>)</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co"># In a set</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-5" data-line-number="5">clothing_set.add(<span class="st">"red"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
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<p><code>add</code> vs <code>append</code> - this is because we can’t guarantee it’s going at the end!</p>
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<p>Let’s a few colors to <code>clothing_list</code> and <code>clothing_set</code>, then print them.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>What happens if you add a duplicate?</li>
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</ul>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Continue locally with the list and set they created previously - do this with them!</li>
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<li>Try to add a duplicate, then print. Call out that it just doesn’t appear, since sets can’t have duplicates.</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="we-do-removing-from-a-list-and-a-set" class="level2">
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<h2>We Do: Removing from a List and a Set</h2>
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<p>Remember, lists are always the same order: <code>["green", "yellow", "red"]</code>.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>my_list[0]</code> is always “green”.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Remember, sets are not!</p>
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<ul>
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<li>With the set <code>{"green", "yellow", "red"}</code>, <code>my_set[0]</code> could be <code>green</code>, <code>red</code>, or <code>yellow</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The same way, we need to be careful about removal:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># In a list:</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" data-line-number="2">clothing_list.pop() <span class="co"># Removes and returns the last item in the list.</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" data-line-number="3">clothing_list.pop(<span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="co"># Removes and returns a specific (here, the first) item in the list.</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-4" data-line-number="4"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="co"># In a set</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-6" data-line-number="6">clothing_set.pop() <span class="co"># No! This is unreliable! The order is arbitrary.</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-7" data-line-number="7">clothing_set.pop(<span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="co"># No! Python throws an error! You can't index sets.</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-8" data-line-number="8">clothing_set.remove(<span class="st">'red'</span>) <span class="co"># Do this! Call the element directly!</span></a></code></pre></div>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p>Teaching points:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Walk through these. <code>pop</code> from the set to show that it’s unreliable.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Address that for lists, the order matters. For sets, it’s irrelevant, so <code>pop</code> returns an arbitrary element.</li>
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<li>Discuss the difference between <code>remove</code> and <code>pop</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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<hr />
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</section>
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<section id="quick-review-sets-vs.lists" class="level2">
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<h2>Quick Review: Sets vs. Lists</h2>
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<p><strong>Lists</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The original, normal object.</li>
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<li>Created with <code>[]</code>.</li>
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<li><code>append()</code>, <code>insert(index)</code>, <code>pop()</code>, <code>pop(index)</code>.</li>
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<li>Duplicates and mutable.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Sets</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Lists without duplicates.</li>
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<li>Created with <code>{}</code> or with <code>set(my_list)</code>.</li>
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<li><code>add()</code> and <code>remove(element)</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<aside class="notes">
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<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>A code review for all of these are on the next slide.</li>
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|
|
<li>Review these - on this slide, do a check for conceptual understanding.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="quick-review-sets-vs.lists-1" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Quick Review: Sets vs. Lists</h2>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co">### Creation </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="co"># List</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-3" data-line-number="3">my_list <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>]</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co"># Sets</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-5" data-line-number="5">my_set <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>}</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-6" data-line-number="6">my_set2 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(my_list)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-7" data-line-number="7">my_set <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(a_list_to_convert)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-8" data-line-number="8"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="co">### Appending a New Value </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-10" data-line-number="10">my_list.append(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-11" data-line-number="11">my_set.add(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-12" data-line-number="12"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="co">### Appending a Duplicate </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-14" data-line-number="14">my_list.append(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-15" data-line-number="15"><span class="co"># => my_list = ["red", "yellow", "green", "red", "blue", "blue"]</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-16" data-line-number="16">my_set.add(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-17" data-line-number="17"><span class="co"># => my_set = {"red", "yellow", "green", "blue"}</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-18" data-line-number="18"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-19" data-line-number="19"><span class="co">### Removing items: </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-20" data-line-number="20">my_list.pop(<span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" data-line-number="21">my_set.remove(<span class="st">"red"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Do a quick check for understanding.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Go through each example.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Point out again the difference in syntax, especially with curly braces.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Reinforce <code>pop</code> being unreliable.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="discussion-immutability-thoughts" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Discussion: Immutability Thoughts</h2>
|
|
|
<p>A set is a type of list which doesn’t allow duplicates.</p>
|
|
|
<p>What if, instead, we have a list we don’t want to change?</p>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_colors <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>We <strong>don’t</strong> want:</p>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_colors[<span class="dv">0</span>] <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"gray"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="co">## Gray's not in the rainbow!</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-3" data-line-number="3">rainbow_colors.pop()</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co">## We can't lose violet!</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-5" data-line-number="5">rainbow_colors.append(<span class="st">"pink"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="co"># Pink's not in the rainbow!</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>We want <code>rainbow_colors</code> to be <strong>immutable</strong> - the list <em>cannot</em> be changed.</p>
|
|
|
<p>How we do that in Python?</p>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>We’re done with sets.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Immutable means “unchangeable”.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="introducing-tuples" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Introducing: Tuples</h2>
|
|
|
<p>Sets are one specific type of list.</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>No duplicates, but mutable.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Tuples</strong> are another specific type of list.</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Duplicates, but immutable.</li>
|
|
|
<li>A list that <em>cannot</em> be changed.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb11-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_colors_tuple <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>When should you use a tuple?</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>When you need data protection through immutability.</li>
|
|
|
<li>When you never want to change the list.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Point out that with tuples, duplicates are fine! Be clear that tuples are another kind of list, NOT a kind of set.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Python offers a data structure that provides more secure usage than the wide power of a fully mutable list.</li>
|
|
|
<li>The <strong>tuple</strong> is a kind of data structure that provides immutable values in a list.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Once a tuple is created and assigned its elements, no changes can be made to the tuple.</li>
|
|
|
<li>"Why? Isn’t it more useful to work with a list that allows us to change elements when necessary? Doesn’t this inflexibility make our code easier to break?</li>
|
|
|
<li>“We will frequently need the power to create and edit lists, adding and removing items from them. In these instances, use a list.”</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="tuple-syntax" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Tuple Syntax</h2>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Created with parentheses <code>()</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Access values via indices (like regular lists, but <em>not</em> like sets).</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_colors_tuple <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="bu">print</span>(rainbow_colors[<span class="dv">1</span>])</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="co"># Prints "orange"</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Tuples can be printed with a <code>for</code> loop (just like a set or list!).</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_colors_tuple <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="cf">for</span> color <span class="kw">in</span> rainbow_colors_tuple:</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-4" data-line-number="4"> <span class="bu">print</span>(color)</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Tuples work exactly like lists, except that, when you create a tuple, you use parentheses instead of square brackets.</li>
|
|
|
<li>You can include anything you want, but, for now, we’ll add strings.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="we-do-tuples" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>We Do: Tuples</h2>
|
|
|
<p>Let’s declare a tuple named <code>seasons</code> and set it to have the values <code>fall</code>, <code>winter</code>, <code>spring</code>, and <code>summer</code>. We’ll print the tuple and each value. Then we’ll try to reassign them (we can’t)!</p>
|
|
|
<iframe height="400px" width="100%" src="https://repl.it/@GAcoding/blank-repl?lite=true" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" sandbox="allow-forms allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-modals">
|
|
|
</iframe>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Make sure they’re doing this with you.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Print out each value directly with indexes. Then, use a <code>for</code> loop.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Try to change values - pop, append, and direct reassignment.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>Talking point:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Remind them of the syntax - perhaps make sets and lists as well, so students can see them compared again.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="quick-review-sets-tuples-lists" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Quick Review: Sets, Tuples, Lists</h2>
|
|
|
<p><strong>List</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>The original, normal object: <code>["red", "red", "yellow", "green"]</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Has duplicates; mutable: <code>append()</code>, <code>insert(index)</code>, <code>pop()</code>, <code>pop(index)</code></li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Set</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>List without duplicates: <code>{"red", "yellow", "green"}</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Mutable: <code>add()</code> and <code>remove(element)</code></li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Tuple</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Has duplicates, but immutable: You can’t change it!</li>
|
|
|
<li><code>("red", "red", "yellow", "green")</code> will <em>always</em> be <code>("red", "red", "yellow", "green")</code>.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>A code review for all of these are on the next slide.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Remind them about <code>add</code> vs <code>append</code> - this is because we can’t guarantee it’s going at the end!</li>
|
|
|
<li>Review these - on this slide, do a check for conceptual understanding.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Always reinforce the <code>[]</code> vs <code>{}</code> vs <code>()</code></li>
|
|
|
<li>Recap immutability.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="quick-review-sets-tuples-lists-1" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Quick Review: Sets, Tuples, Lists</h2>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co">### Creation </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="co"># List</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-3" data-line-number="3">my_list <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>]</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co"># Sets</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-5" data-line-number="5">my_set <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>}</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-6" data-line-number="6">my_set2 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(my_list))</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-7" data-line-number="7">my_set <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>(a_list_to_convert)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="co"># Tuples</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-9" data-line-number="9">my_tuple <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-10" data-line-number="10"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-11" data-line-number="11"><span class="co">### Appending a New Value </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-12" data-line-number="12">my_list.append(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-13" data-line-number="13">my_set.add(<span class="st">"blue"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-14" data-line-number="14"><span class="co"># Tuples -> You can't!</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-15" data-line-number="15"></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-16" data-line-number="16"><span class="co">### Removing items: </span><span class="al">###</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-17" data-line-number="17">my_list.pop(<span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-18" data-line-number="18">my_set.remove(<span class="st">"red"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-19" data-line-number="19"><span class="co"># Tuples -> You can't!</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Do a check for understanding of the code syntax.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Go through each example.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Recap the types of braces to create each; remove vs pop; append vs add.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Remind students that they aren’t expected to be syntax experts - they can always look this up. Working programmers look things up every day on the job, but students have to know what things are and what to expect.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="introducing-types" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Introducing Types</h2>
|
|
|
<p>Variables certainly can hold a lot!</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Sets, tuples, and lists are easily confused.</li>
|
|
|
<li><code>type()</code> tells us what a variable is: set, tuple, list, dictionary, integer, string - anything!</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>Try it:</p>
|
|
|
<iframe height="300px" width="100%" src="https://repl.it/@SuperTernary/python-programming-types?lite=true" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" sandbox="allow-forms allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-modals">
|
|
|
</iframe>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p><strong>Talking Points</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>It’s useful to know what datatype a variable is and how to use it. This will work on anything.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Walk through each of these. It will recap the syntax as well as re-inforce using <code>type</code>. You might want to open the repl.it in a new window, as it’s a bit long.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Repl.it Note</strong>: This replit has:</p>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-1" data-line-number="1">unique_colors <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">set</span>([<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>])</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"unique_colors is"</span>, <span class="bu">type</span>(unique_colors))</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="co"># --</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-4" data-line-number="4">unique_colors_2 <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>]</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"unique_colors_2 is"</span>, <span class="bu">type</span>(unique_colors_2))</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="co"># --</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-7" data-line-number="7">unique_colors_3 <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"red"</span>)</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"unique_colors_3 is"</span>, <span class="bu">type</span>(unique_colors_3))</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="co"># --</span></a>
|
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|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-10" data-line-number="10">my_number <span class="op">=</span> <span class="dv">2</span></a>
|
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|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-11" data-line-number="11"><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"my_number is"</span>, <span class="bu">type</span>(my_number))</a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="co"># --</span></a>
|
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-13" data-line-number="13">my_string <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Hello!"</span></a>
|
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|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-14" data-line-number="14"><span class="bu">print</span>(<span class="st">"my_string is"</span>, <span class="bu">type</span>(my_string))</a></code></pre></div>
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</aside>
|
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|
<hr />
|
|
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</section>
|
|
|
<section id="you-do-list-types-practice" class="level2">
|
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<h2>You Do: List Types Practice</h2>
|
|
|
<p>Create a local file, <code>sets_tuples.py</code>. In it:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Create a list (<code>[]</code>), set (<code>{}</code>), and tuple (<code>()</code>) of some of your favorite foods.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Create a second set from the list.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>Next, in every list type that you can:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Add <code>"pizza"</code> anywhere; append <code>"eggs"</code> to the end.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Remove <code>"pizza"</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Re-assign the element at index <code>1</code> to be <code>"popcorn"</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Remove the element at index <code>2</code> and re-insert it at index <code>0</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Print the element at index <code>0</code>.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>Print your final lists using a loop, then print their types. Don’t throw an error!</p>
|
|
|
<aside class="notes">
|
|
|
<p>10 minutes</p>
|
|
|
<p><strong>Teaching Tips</strong>:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>Give students time to do this - it’s a lot of syntax to go back through and find.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Walk around the room to check for questions and offer help when needed.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Once most of them have it, go over the answer. Make sure you remove pizza in the list, too.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="summary-and-qa" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Summary and Q&A</h2>
|
|
|
<p>We’ve learned two new types of lists:</p>
|
|
|
<p>Sets:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>A mutable list without duplicates.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Handy for storing emails, usernames, and other unique elements.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-1" data-line-number="1">email_set <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="st">'my_email@gmail.com'</span>, <span class="st">'second_email@yahoo.com'</span>, <span class="st">"third_email@hotmail.com"</span>}</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>Tuples:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>An immutable list that allows duplicates.</li>
|
|
|
<li>Handy for storing anything that won’t change.</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode python"><code class="sourceCode python"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb17-1" data-line-number="1">rainbow_tuple <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="st">"orange"</span>, <span class="st">"yellow"</span>, <span class="st">"green"</span>, <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="st">"indigo"</span>, <span class="st">"violet"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
<section id="additional-reading" class="level2">
|
|
|
<h2>Additional Reading</h2>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://repl.it/@SuperTernary/python-programming-tuple-practice?lite=true">Repl.it that recaps Tuples</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szIFFw_Xl_M">Python Count Occurrences of Letters, Words and Numbers in Strings and Lists-Video</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/python-novice-inflammation/03-lists/">Storing Multiple Values in Lists</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.python-course.eu/sets_frozensets.php">Sets and Frozen Sets</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.learnpython.org/en/Sets">Sets</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tuple">Python Tuple</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/tuples.html">Tuples</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19EfbO5D_8s">Strings, Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries Video</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-HLU9Fl5ug">Python Data Structures: Lists, Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries Video</a></li>
|
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</ul>
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