diff --git a/PHP.md b/PHP.md
index 2f5d8f4..d43380e 100644
--- a/PHP.md
+++ b/PHP.md
@@ -5,33 +5,35 @@
 1. Download [MAMP] (https://www.mamp.info/en/downloads/)
 1. Double click .pkg file and follow prompts
 1. Double click /Applications/MAMP/MAMP
-1. Point MAMP to working directory
+1. Tell MAMP to where your files are
 	- Click on Preferences
 	- Click on Web Server
 	- Click the folder icon next to "Document Root" and find a suitable directory to work out of
 	- Click OK
+1. In your Document Root, create `index.php`.
 1. Go to <http://localhost:8888/>
+	- If no file is specified in the URL after the port, MAMP will look for `index.php`
 1. Error logs are in /Applications/MAMP/logs/
-	- `tail -f php_error.log`
+	- use `tail -f php_error.log` to watch the end of the log file in case something breaks
 1. MAMP stands for Mac, Apache, MySQL, PHP
-	- this describes the tech stack
-		- Mac
-			- Your OS
-		- Apache
-			- A pre-build web server that serves static files
-			- Is extendable with various modules that allows it to do many things easily
-		- MySQL
-			- Your Database
-		- PHP
-			- A module for Apache that allows it to server dynamic data
+	- Mac
+		- Your OS
+	- Apache
+		- A pre-build web server that serves static files
+		- It is extendable with various modules that allows it to do many things easily
+	- MySQL
+		- Your Database
+	- PHP
+		- A module for Apache that allows it to serve dynamic data
 
 ## Basics
 
 ### Tags
 
 Because this is all run on top of Apache, the initial assumption is that we're serving static HTML files
+
 - We need `<?php ?>` tags to show that we're writing PHP
-- Think of this as if Apache/PHP is server.js and we're just writing EJS
+- Think of this as if Apache/PHP is server.js and we're writing EJS
 
 Instead of `<%= %>` you have `<?= ?>` or `<?php echo ?>`
 
@@ -59,41 +61,62 @@ Use a $ before a variable name to tell php it is a variable.  Assignment is stan
 	$my_first_var; //declare
 	$my_first_var = 2; //assignment
 	$my_second_var = 3; //declare and assign
+	echo $my_first_var; //print this variable to the page
+	echo $my_second_var; //print this variable to the page
 ?>
 ```
 
 ### Data Types
 
+PHP has the following basic data types:
+
+Strings:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $x = "my string";
 var_dump($x);
 ?>
 ```
+
+Integers:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $x = 5985;
 var_dump($x);
 ?>
 ```
+
+Floats:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $x = 10.365;
 var_dump($x);
 ?>
 ```
+
+Booleans:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $x = true;
 var_dump($x);
 ?>
 ```
+
+Arrays:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
 var_dump($cars);
 ?>
 ```
+
+NULL:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $x = null;
@@ -103,7 +126,7 @@ var_dump($x);
 
 ### String Operators
 
-Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.
+Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.  Works just like `+` and `+=`
 
 ```php
 <?php
@@ -115,16 +138,25 @@ Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.
 ?>
 ```
 
+Some kinds of string interpolation work:
+
+```php
+<?php
+	$x = 5;
+	echo "I have $x pizzas";
+?>
+```
+
 ### Arithmetic Operators
 
 ```php
 <?php
-	1 + 1; //2
-	2 - 1; //1
-	3 * 2; //6
-	12 / 3; //4
-	5 % 2; //1 modulus
-	2 ** 3 //8 exponents
+	echo 1 + 1; //2
+	echo 2 - 1; //1
+	echo 3 * 2; //6
+	echo 12 / 3; //4
+	echo 5 % 2; //1 modulus
+	echo 2 ** 3 //8 exponents
 ?>
 ```
 
@@ -132,8 +164,11 @@ Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.
 
 ```php
 <?php
+	$x = 2;
 	$x++; //increment by 1;
+	echo $x;
 	$x--; //decrement by 1;
+	echo $x;
 ?>
 ```
 
@@ -142,10 +177,15 @@ Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.
 ```php
 <?php
 	$my_var = 1;
-	$my_var += 1; //$my_var = $my_var + 1;
-	$my_var -= 1; //$my_var = $my_var - 1;
+	echo $my_var;
+	$my_var += 3; //$my_var = $my_var + 1;
+	echo $my_var;
+	$my_var -= 2; //$my_var = $my_var - 1;
+	echo $my_var;
 	$my_var *= 2; //$my_var = $my_var * 2;
+	echo $my_var;
 	$my_var /= 2; //$my_var = $my_var / 2;
+	echo $my_var;
 ?>
 ```
 
@@ -153,33 +193,40 @@ Use a `.` or `.=` to combine strings.
 
 ### Formats
 
-Format 1:
+The traditional format works great:
 
 ```php
 <?php
-	if(condition){
+	$x = 1;
+	if($x > 2){
+		echo "x > 2";
 	}
-	elseif(condition2){
+	elseif($x < 2){
+		echo "x > 2";
 	}
 	else{
+		echo "x == 2";
 	}
 ?>
 ```
 
-Format 2:
+If you have html and don't want to have lines that look like `<?php } ?>`, you can use the following style of if/else:
 
 ```php
-<?php if(condition): ?>
-	condition1
-<?php elseif(condition2): ?>
-	condition2
+<?php $x = 1; ?>
+<?php if($x > 2): ?>
+	<code>x &gt; 2</code>
+<?php elseif($ < 2): ?>
+	<code>x &lt; 2</code>
 <?php else: ?>
-	else
+	<code>x == 2</code>
 <?php endif; ?>
 ```
 
 ### Comparison Operators
 
+Equality:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 	$x == $y; //equal
@@ -220,7 +267,7 @@ Standard array functionality
 $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
 $cars[4] = 'asdf'; //can be in indexes that don't yet exist
 $cars[] = "added to end"; //pushes onto array
-echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[4] . " and " . $cars[5] . ".";
+echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[4] . " and " . $cars[5] . "."; //access arrays normally
 echo count($cars); //prints length of array
 print_r($cars); //prints contents of array in nicer format than var_dump
 ?>
@@ -228,7 +275,7 @@ print_r($cars); //prints contents of array in nicer format than var_dump
 
 ### Associative Arrays (hashes)
 
-These are very similar to Ruby hashes
+These are very similar to JavaScript objects, but are accessed like arrays:
 
 ```php
 <?php
@@ -247,17 +294,22 @@ These are very similar to Ruby hashes
 $x = 1;
 
 while($x <= 5) {
-    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
+    echo "The number is: $x <br/>";
     $x++;
 }
 ?>
 ```
+
+Alternative syntax:
+
 ```php
-<?php $x = 1;?>
-<?php while($x <= 5): ?>
-	<li><?= $x ?></li>
-	<?php $x++ ?>
-<?php endwhile; ?>
+<ul>
+	<?php $x = 1;?>
+	<?php while($x <= 5): ?>
+		<li><?= $x ?></li>
+		<?php $x++ ?>
+	<?php endwhile; ?>
+</ul>
 ```
 
 ### For
@@ -265,31 +317,41 @@ while($x <= 5) {
 ```php
 <?php
 for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
-    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
+    echo "The number is: $x <br/>";
 }
 ?>
 ```
+
+Alternative syntax:
+
 ```php
-<?php for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++): ?>
-    <li>The number is: <?= $x ?></li>
-<?php endfor; ?>
+<ul>
+	<?php for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++): ?>
+	    <li>The number is: <?= $x ?></li>
+	<?php endfor; ?>
+</ul>
 ```
 
 ### Foreach
 
+This is like `for of` in JS:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 $colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
 
 foreach ($colors as $key => $value) {
-    echo $key . ": $value <br>";
+    echo $key . ": $value <br/>";
 }
 ?>
 ```
+
+Alternative syntax:
+
 ```php
 <?php $colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); ?>
 <?php foreach ($colors as $key => $value): ?>
-	<?= $key ?>: <?=$value?> <br>
+	<?= $key ?>: <?=$value?><br/>
 <?php endforeach ?>
 ```
 
@@ -300,242 +362,16 @@ This works for associative arrays:
 $ages = array("Peter" => 35, "Ben" => 37, "Joe" => "43");
 
 foreach ($ages as $key => $value) {
-    echo $key . ": $value <br>";
+    echo $key . ": $value <br/>";
 }
 ?>
 ```
+
+Alternative syntax:
+
 ```php
 <?php $ages = array("Peter" => 35, "Ben" => 37, "Joe" => "43"); ?>
 <?php foreach ($ages as $key => $value): ?>
-	<?= $key ?>: <?=$value?> <br>
+	<?= $key ?>: <?=$value?> <br/>
 <?php endforeach ?>
 ```
-
-## Functions
-
-```php
-<?php
-function writeMsg() {
-    echo "Hello world!";
-}
-
-writeMsg(); // call the function
-?>
-```
-
-## Convenience Methods
-
-### Strings
-
-Count a string's length
-
-```php
-<?php
-echo strlen("Hello world!"); // outputs 12
-?>
-```
-
-Count number of words in a string
-
-```php
-<?php
-echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); // outputs 2
-?>
-```
-
-Reverse a string
-
-```php
-<?php
-echo strrev("Hello world!"); // outputs !dlrow olleH
-?>
-```
-
-Find a sub string in a string
-
-```php
-<?php
-echo strpos("Hello world world!", "world"); // outputs 6
-//search from the right
-echo strrpos("Hello world world!", "world"); // outputs 12
-?>
-```
-
-Replace text within a string
-
-```php
-<?php
-echo str_replace("world", "Dolly", "Hello world!"); // outputs Hello Dolly!
-?>
-```
-
-Get a substring based on character index
-
-```php
-<?php
-//second param is index (0 based, like an array)
-echo substr("Hello world", 3); // outputs 'lo world'
-//third param is length of string
-echo substr("Hello world", 3, 4); // outputs 'lo w'
-?>
-```
-
-Turn a string into an array based on some delimeter
-
-```php
-<?php
-    $the_string = "Some sentence goes here";
-    $string_array = explode(" ", $the_string);
-    var_dump($string_array);
-?>
-```
-
-### Sorting Arrays
-
-Various functions for sorting arrays.  Can be done arithmetically or alphabetically, depending on content
-
-- sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
-- rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
-- asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
-- ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
-- arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
-- krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key
-
-These functions affect the actual array they are called on.
-
-```php
-$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
-sort($cars);
-print_r($cars); //BMW, Toyota, Volvo
-```
-
-## Classes and Objects
-
-### Public Members
-
-```php
-<?php
-class Car {
-	public $wheels = 4; // public var can be accessed outside class definition
-}
-
-$my_car = new Car();
-
-print_r($my_car);
-$my_car->wheels = 3;
-print_r($my_car);
-?>
-```
-
-### Constructors
-
-```php
-<?php
-class Car {
-	public $wheels;
-	public function __construct($num_wheels){ // runs at beginning of object creation
-		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
-	}
-}
-$my_car = new Car(4);
-?>
-```
-
-### Protected Members
-
-```php
-<?php
-class Car {
-	protected $wheels; // cannot be accessed outside class definition
-	//must define getters...
-	public function getWheels(){
-		return $this->wheels;
-	}
-	public function __construct($num_wheels){ // runs at beginning of object creation
-		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
-	}
-}
-
-$my_car = new Car(4);
-echo $my_car->getWheels();
-echo $my_car->wheels; //error: cannot access protected property
-?>
-```
-
-### Statics
-
-```php
-<?php
-class Car {
-	protected $wheels; // cannot be accessed outside class definition
-	//must define getters...
-	public function getWheels(){
-		return $this->wheels;
-	}
-	public function __construct($num_wheels){ // runs at beginning of object creation
-		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
-	}
-}
-class CarFactory{
-	static protected $cars = array();
-	static public function create($num_wheels){
-		$new_car = new Car($num_wheels);
-		self::$cars[] = $new_car;
-		return $new_car;
-	}
-	static public function find($index){
-		return self::$cars[$index];
-	}
-}
-$my_car = CarFactory::create(2);
-$my_car2 = CarFactory::create(4);
-print_r($my_car);
-print_r(CarFactory::find(1));
-print_r(CarFactory::$cars); //errors out: protected
-?>
-```
-
-### Inheritance
-
-```php
-<?php
-class Car {
-	protected $wheels; //accessible by child class, not outside class, though
-	private $engine_on = false; //unaccessible by child class
-	public function __construct($num_wheels){ // runs at beginning of object creation
-		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
-	}
-	public function getWheels(){
-		return $this->wheels;
-	}
-	public function start(){
-		$this->engine_on = true;
-	}
-}
-
-class Humvee extends Car {
-	protected $armour = 10;
-	public function takeDamage($damage){
-		$this->armour -= $damage;
-	}
-	public function loseWheel(){
-		$this->wheels--; //can access parent $wheels member
-	}
-	//can extend parent's start function
-	public function start(){
-		parent::start(); //run parent's start function
-		//parent::$engine_on = false; //errors out: cannot access private member of parent
-		echo "WELCOME TO THE JUNGLE...";//then do something else
-	}
-}
-
-$my_humvee = new Humvee(6);
-print_r($my_humvee);
-$my_humvee->loseWheel();
-print_r($my_humvee);
-$my_humvee->takeDamage(6);
-print_r($my_humvee);
-$my_humvee->start();
-print_r($my_humvee);
-?>
-```
diff --git a/PHP2.md b/PHP2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad476d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PHP2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#Intermediate PHP
+
+## Functions
+
+```php
+<?php
+function greet($name) {
+    echo "Hello $name";
+}
+
+writeMsg("Matt"); // call the function
+?>
+```
+
+## Convenience Methods
+
+PHP has lots of global functions that will help you out:
+
+### Strings
+
+Count a string's length
+
+```php
+<?php
+echo strlen("Hello world!"); // outputs 12
+?>
+```
+
+Count number of words in a string
+
+```php
+<?php
+echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); // outputs 2
+?>
+```
+
+Reverse a string
+
+```php
+<?php
+echo strrev("Hello world!"); // outputs !dlrow olleH
+?>
+```
+
+Find a sub string in a string
+
+```php
+<?php
+echo strpos("Hello world world!", "world"); // outputs 6
+//search from the right
+echo strrpos("Hello world world!", "world"); // outputs 12
+?>
+```
+
+Replace text within a string
+
+```php
+<?php
+echo str_replace("world", "Dolly", "Hello world!"); // outputs Hello Dolly!
+?>
+```
+
+Get a substring based on character index
+
+```php
+<?php
+//This gets all remaining characters starting at the index specified in the string (0 based, like an array)
+echo substr("Hello world", 3); // outputs 'lo world'
+
+//third param is length of string to retrieve
+echo substr("Hello world", 3, 4); // outputs 'lo w'
+?>
+```
+
+Turn a string into an array based on some delimiter:
+
+```php
+<?php
+    $the_string = "Some sentence goes here";
+    $string_array = explode(" ", $the_string);
+    var_dump($string_array);
+?>
+```
+
+### Sorting Arrays
+
+Various functions for sorting arrays.  Can be done arithmetically or alphabetically, depending on content
+
+- sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
+- rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
+- asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
+- ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
+- arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
+- krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key
+
+These functions affect the actual array they are called on.
+
+```php
+$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
+sort($cars);
+print_r($cars); //BMW, Toyota, Volvo
+rsort($cars);
+print_r($cars); //Volco, Toyota, BMW
+```
+
+Now with associative arrays:
+
+```php
+$ages = array("Peter" => 35, "Ben" => 37, "Joe" => "43");
+asort($ages);
+print_r($ages);
+ksort($ages);
+print_r($ages);
+arsort($ages);
+print_r($ages);
+krsort($ages);
+print_r($ages);
+```
+
+## Classes and Objects
+
+### Public Members
+
+```php
+<?php
+class Car {
+	public $wheels = 4; // public var can be accessed outside class definition
+}
+
+$my_car = new Car();
+
+print_r($my_car);
+$my_car->wheels = 3;
+print_r($my_car);
+?>
+```
+
+### Constructors
+
+```php
+<?php
+class Car {
+	public $wheels;
+	public function __construct($num_wheels){ // runs at beginning of object creation
+		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
+	}
+}
+$my_car = new Car(4);
+print_r($my_car);
+?>
+```
+
+### Protected Members
+
+But what if you don't want someone to modify the number of wheels of a car after it is created?
+You can set a method or member to `private` and any instance will not be able to read or write that value.  It is only accessible from within the class itself
+
+```php
+<?php
+class Car {
+	protected $wheels; // cannot be accessed outside class definition
+
+	//you must define public getters in order to see how many wheels a car has
+	public function getWheels(){
+		return $this->wheels;
+	}
+
+	public function __construct($num_wheels){
+		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
+	}
+}
+
+$my_car = new Car(4);
+echo $my_car->getWheels();
+echo $my_car->wheels; //error: cannot access protected property
+$my_car->wheels = 4; //error
+?>
+```
+
+### Statics
+
+You can have `static` members and methods that accessible only on the class itself, not on instances of the class.
+
+```php
+<?php
+class Car {
+	protected $wheels;
+	public function getWheels(){
+		return $this->wheels;
+	}
+	public function __construct($num_wheels){
+		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
+	}
+}
+
+class CarFactory{
+	static protected $cars = array(); // the array is protected
+	static public function create($num_wheels){
+		$new_car = new Car($num_wheels);
+		self::$cars[] = $new_car;
+		return $new_car;
+	}
+	static public function find($index){
+		return self::$cars[$index];
+	}
+}
+
+$my_car = CarFactory::create(2);
+$my_car2 = CarFactory::create(4);
+print_r($my_car);
+print_r(CarFactory::find(1));
+print_r(CarFactory::$cars); //errors out: protected
+?>
+```
+
+### Inheritance
+
+Protected members/methods can be used by inheriting classes, private members/methods cannot
+
+```php
+<?php
+class Car {
+	protected $wheels; //accessible by child class, not outside class, though
+	private $engine_on = false; //unaccessible by child class
+	public function __construct($num_wheels){
+		$this->wheels = $num_wheels;
+	}
+	public function getWheels(){
+		return $this->wheels;
+	}
+	public function start(){
+		$this->engine_on = true;
+	}
+}
+
+class Humvee extends Car {
+	protected $armour = 10;
+	public function takeDamage($damage){
+		$this->armour -= $damage;
+	}
+	public function loseWheel(){
+		$this->wheels--; //can access parent class $wheels member because it is protected
+	}
+	//can extend parent's start function
+	public function start(){
+		parent::start(); //run parent's start function
+		//parent::$engine_on = false; //errors out: cannot access private member of parent
+		echo "WELCOME TO THE JUNGLE...";//then do something else
+	}
+}
+
+$my_humvee = new Humvee(6);
+print_r($my_humvee);
+$my_humvee->loseWheel();
+print_r($my_humvee);
+$my_humvee->takeDamage(6);
+print_r($my_humvee);
+$my_humvee->start();
+print_r($my_humvee);
+?>
+```