PYTHR/unit-3-oop/alternate-lab/Game-README.md

Assignment: Object-Oriented Programming - Instances and Inheritance

In this assignment, you'll practice:

• if/else statements
• Lists and iteration
• Defining classes and instantiating objects/instances
• Defining and using instance variables
• Defining and calling instance methods
• Inheritance

This assignment can be challenging! Feel free to collaborate with other students on this assignment, but you should still hand in your own assignment.

Deliverables & Submitting

You know what you're doing by now! Fork/Clone/Commit/Push/Submit 😁

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Exercise 1: Insert Coin(s)

The objective of this exercise is to write a simple game, where the player can collect treasure and do battle.

Every time the player collects 10 gold coins, they should level up. But, if they lose all their health points, the game restarts.

Each player needs to keep track of the following pieces of data:

• The player's level -- The player should start at level 1
• The player's health -- The player should start with 10 health points
• Number of gold coins in the player's possession -- The player should start with 0 coins

Some starter code is already in the file named exercise1.py. Your job is to fill in all of the instance methods of Player and make the game actually work.

Take a look now at exercise1.py and familiarize yourself with the layout of the starter code. Notice the placeholder ???s -- you need to replace them with real code!

Your job:

1. Implement the __init__ method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • What instance variables do you need to work with?
   • Recall that at the beginning of the game, the player should start at a level of 1, health of 10, and 0 gold coins
2. Implement the __str__ method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • Analyze the example output to figure out how you need to format the string representation of the player.
3. Implement the level_up method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • What should this method do? What instance variable(s) does it need to modify?
4. Implement the collect_treasure method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • What should this method do? What instance variable(s) does it need to modify?
   • Recall that every time the player collects 10 coins, the player should level up!
   • Hint: The player should not lose any of the collected coins when they level up! It's theirs to keep... unless they die!
5. Implement the restart method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • What does it mean to "restart" the game anyway?
   • What instance variable(s) does this method need to modify?
   • STRETCH: Finally, after you finish this method -- do you see any repetition of code? Is there a way to write this method without repeating yourself?
6. Implement the do_battle method
   • What parameter(s) do you need? Replace ??? with the required parameter(s)
   • What should this method do? What instance variable(s) does it need to modify?
   • Recall that if the player loses all of their health points, the game should restart! This function should take care of the game restart, by calling the restart method.
7. Finally, look in the main function and fill in the one and only ??? with the correct code, to instantiate a new player.

Note: Do not add any new functions or methods, and do not modify the rest of the main() function. Just fill out the ???s.

Expected Output

Assuming that you have implemented everything correctly, this is the expected output when you run exercise1.py:

You are at level 1, have 0 gold, and 10 health points
You are at level 1, have 9 gold, and 10 health points
You are at level 2, have 10 gold, and 10 health points
You are at level 3, have 20 gold, and 10 health points
You are at level 3, have 20 gold, and 1 health points
You are at level 1, have 0 gold, and 10 health points

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Exercise 2: Solar System

Next, let's explore our Solar System!

For this exercise, some starter code is already in the file named exercise2.py. Take a look at it now and familiarize yourself with the layout of the starter code.

Your job is to use your knowledge of inheritance and instance methods to fill in all of the ??? areas of the code and make the program actually run.

Note: Do not add any new functions or methods! Just fill out the ???s.

Let's start with the basics:

• A Celestial Body is a naturally occurring physical entity like a Star, Planet, or a Moon
• A Planetary System, like our own Solar System, can contain several of these celestial bodies

We can model the different types of celestial bodies as follows:

1. Each Body, no matter which kind (star, planet, or moon) has to keep track of two pieces of information -- Its name and mass
   • The name of a Body should be a string
   • The mass of a Body should be an integer
   • Hint: Use instance variables to keep track of these!
   • Your job is to implement the __init__ method of the Body class
2. Each Star (which is a kind of Body), has an additional piece of information to keep track of: Its type
   • The type of a Star should be a string
   • Hint: Stars also have names and a mass! But you need to use inheritance to keep track of a Star's name and mass. Remember that a Star is a Body!
   • Your job is to:
     • Use Inheritance to deal with the name and mass of Stars,
     • Implement the rest of the __init__ method of the Star class
3. Next, each Planet is also a kind of Body
   • Planets, in addition to having a name and mass, also has a day_length and a year_length
   • The day_length should be a integer and it represents the number of hours in a day (For example: 24 for the Earth)
   • The year_length should also be an integer and it represents the number of days in a year (For example: 365 for the Earth)
   • Your job is to:
     • Use Inheritance again to deal with the name and mass of Planets,
     • Implement the rest of the __init__ method of the Planet class
4. Finally, each Moon is also a kind of Body
   • Moons, in addition to having a name and mass, also has a month_length and a orbit_planet
   • The month_length should be a integer and it represents the number of days in a month (For example: 30 for the Earth's moon - Luna)
   • The orbit_planet should be an instance of the planet that the moon orbits around!
     • For example, Luna orbits the Earth
     • Hint: This means the Earth must exist before its moon can be created!
   • Your job is to:
     • Use Inheritance again to deal with the name and mass of Moons,
     • Implement the rest of the __init__ method of the Moon class

Next, we can model our Solar System with a top-level class, let's call it System, which can contain as many celestial bodies as needed. Most of this class has already been written for you except for a few ???s you need to fill out.

• A System starts with no bodies inside of it
• Fill out the parameter list of the __init__ method of the System class
• A System has the ability to add bodies to itself
  • Fill out the ???s in the add method of System, to accept some new body
  • As you can see, the new body is added to the System's already existing collection of bodies via append.
• Finally, a System can report on the total_mass of all the celestial bodies inside the system.
  • The return value of the total_mass method is the sum of all the masses of the bodies inside the system
  • The only thing you need to do in the total_mass method is to fill out the parameter list
• Note: A System is not a Body! Instead, it contains bodies.

Finally, implement the missing parts of the main function:

• Instantiate a sun, an earth, and a luna
  • For the sun, Use the name 'Sun', mass of 200, and type of 'G-Type'
  • For the earth, Use the name 'Earth', mass of 150, day_length of 24, and year_length of 365
  • For luna, Use the name 'Luna', mass of 100, month_length of 30, and an orbit_planet of ... what do you think?
• Instantiate a solar_system
  • Add the three bodies you've already instantiated to the solar system

Note: Do not add any new functions or methods, and do not modify the rest of the main() function. Just fill out the ???s.

Expected Output

Assuming that you have implemented everything correctly, this is the expected output when you run exercise2.py:

Earth
Sun
Luna
450

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To Go Where No One Has Gone Before

Isn't it fun to explore unknown new stuff, like Object Oriented Programming?